Jerzy Jankowski (who also wrote as Jerzy Szum, Yeży Yankowski, 1887–1941) was a pioneer of futurism in Polish poetry. From 1921 until his death he was confined to a psychiatric facility in Vilnius; during the German occupation of Vilnius, he was killed with a shot of phenol in the heart. Jankowski criticized traditionalism and instead propagated Bergsonism, intuitionism, and the poetry of Walt Whitman. His 1920 book Tram Crossways on the Street, which includes poetry, prose, and journalism, is considered the first Polish Futurist work.